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Combustion
Direct combustion is the most common way of converting biomass to energy - both heat and electricity - and worldwide it already provides over 90% of the energy generated from biomass. It is well understood, relatively straightforward, commercially available, and can be regarded as a proven technology. Compared to the other thermochemical primary conversion technologies (gasification, pyrolisys), it is the simplest and most developed, and biomass combustion systems can easily be integrated with existing infrastructure.
Modern industrial combustion plants are equipped with process
control systems supporting fully automatic system operation
thus eliminating the need for manual fuel-feeding, which reduces
the relatively high personnel costs, but also results in lower
emissions. The following combustion technologies can,
in principle, be distinguished:
The desire to burn uncommon fuels, improve efficiencies, cut costs, and decrease emission levels continuously results in new technologies being developed. For further implementation of biomass combustion, combustion technology should further be optimised to keep it competitive as gasification and pyrolysis develop. Co-firing biomass with coal in traditional coal-fired boilers represents one combination of renewable and fossil energy utilisation that derives the greatest benefit from both fuel types.
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| Modern pellet stove for household heating |
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Competition and quality of Austrian pellets boilers
manufactures is so high that design is playing a key role
in marketing |
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This liquid nitrogen storage tank and evaporator allow
for condensation of the heat to gas. Credit: Parsons,
Dave – NREL/DOE |
Acknowledgement: the
presented information regarding biomass combustion is adapted
from the Handbook of Biomass Combustion and Cofiring,
prepared by IEA
Bioenergy Task 32: Biomass Combustion and Cofiring.
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